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The ''Daily Express'' is a daily national middle market tabloid newspaper in the United Kingdom. It is the flagship title of Express Newspapers, a subsidiary of Northern & Shell (itself wholly owned by Richard Desmond). In March 2014, it had an average daily circulation of 488,246.〔 In recent years, the Daily Express has become a supporter of UKIP, acting as a financial backer. Express Newspapers currently publishes the ''Sunday Express'' (launched in 1918), ''Daily Star'' and ''Daily Star Sunday''. ==History== The ''Daily Express'' was founded in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson, with the first issue appearing on 24 April 1900.〔''Daily Express'', no.1, 24 April 1900.〕 Pearson sold the title to the future Lord Beaverbrook in 1916 as a result of losing his sight to Glaucoma. It was one of the first papers to carry gossip, sports, and women's features. It was also the first newspaper in Britain to have a crossword puzzle. The ''Express'' started printing in Manchester in 1927 and in 1931, the publication moved to 120 Fleet Street, a specially commissioned art deco building. Under Beaverbrook, the newspaper achieved a phenomenally high circulation, setting records for newspaper sales several times throughout the 1930s. Its success was partly due to its aggressive marketing campaign and a vigorous circulation war with other populist newspapers. Beaverbrook also discovered and encouraged a gifted editor named Arthur Christiansen, who at an early age showed talent for writing and production. The paper also featured Alfred Bestall's ''Rupert Bear'' cartoon and satirical cartoons by Carl Giles. On 24 March 1933, an infamous front page headline titled "Judea Declares War on Germany" was published by the Daily Express.〔http://socioecohistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/judea_declares_war_on_germany.jpg〕 During the late thirties, the paper was a strong advocate of the appeasement policies of the Chamberlain government, due to the direct influence of its owner Lord Beaverbrook.〔Geoffrey Cox 'Countdown to War'〕 The ruralist author Henry Williamson wrote for the paper on many occasions for half a century, practically the whole of his career.〔UK Press Online reveals articles dating from 'Sport among the rubbish heaps' (3 May 1921) to 'After the storm, the dance of the phantoms' (27 March 1971)〕 He also wrote for the ''Sunday Express'' at the beginning of his career.〔'A House of No Morals', ''Sunday Express'', 18 December 1921, and 'Scarecrow Cottage', ''Sunday Express'', 25 December 1921〕 In 1938, the publication moved to the 'Black Lubyianka' building on the same site in Great Ancoats Street. It opened a similar building in Glasgow in 1936 in Albion Street. Glasgow printing ended in 1974 and Manchester in 1989 on the company's own presses. Scottish and Northern editions are now printed by facsimile in Glasgow and Preston respectively by contract printers, London editions at Westferry Printers. In March 1962, Beaverbrook was attacked in the House of Commons for running "a sustained vendetta" against the British Royal Family in the ''Express'' titles.〔"'Vendetta against Royal Family': M.P. criticizes Lord Beaverbrook", ''The Times'', London, 21 March 1962, p.5.〕 In the same month, the Duke of Edinburgh described the ''Express'' as "a bloody awful newspaper. It is full of lies, scandal and imagination. It is a vicious paper."〔"Royalty's Recourse", ''Time'', New York, 30 March 1962.〕 At the height of Beaverbrook's time in control, he told a Royal Commission on the press that he ran his papers "purely for the purpose of making propaganda". The arrival of television and the public's changing interests took their toll on circulation, and following Beaverbrook's death in 1964, the paper's circulation declined for several years. During this period, the ''Express,'' practically alone among mainstream newspapers, was vehemently opposed to entry into what became the European Economic Community.〔 It also became critical of commercial television, not out of socialist opposition to commercialism but rather out of Beaverbrook's resentment that he had not been allowed an ITV franchise. Partially as a result of the rejuvenation of the ''Daily Mail'' under the editorship of David English and the emergence of ''The Sun'' under the ownership of Rupert Murdoch and editorship of Larry Lamb, average daily sales of the ''Express'' dropped below four million in 1967, below three million in 1975, and below two million in 1984.〔'This Express rush into oblivion can be halted', Peter Preston, ''The Observer'', 6 February 2000〕 The ''Daily Express'' switched from broadsheet to tabloid in 1977〔"Tabloid 'Express' will aim for the young", Peter Godfrey, ''The Times'' page 2, 21 January 1977 〕(the ''Mail'' having done so six years earlier), and was bought by the construction company Trafalgar House in the same year.〔'Beaverbrook accepts £14m bid from Trafalgar House', Richard Allen, ''The Times'' page 1, 1 July 1977〕 Its publishing company, Beaverbrook Newspapers, was renamed Express Newspapers.〔'Express group ponders two new papers', Gareth Parry, ''The Guardian'', 25 February 1978 - "The name of Beaverbrook Newspapers will revert to its former designation, Express Newspapers"〕 In 1982, Trafalgar House spun off its publishing interests into a new company, Fleet Holdings, under the leadership of Lord Matthews, but this succumbed to a hostile takeover by United Newspapers in 1985.〔'United wins Fleet Holdings fight', William Kay, ''The Times'' page 1, 15 October 1985〕 Under United's ownership, the ''Express'' titles moved from Fleet Street to Blackfriars Road in 1989.〔'Signs of recovery at the Express', Charles Wintour, ''The Times'' page 38, 24 May 1989 - "Express Newspapers has now moved from the famous black glass building to a brand new, rubber-planted spacious construction just over Blackfriars Bridge"〕 As part of a marketing campaign designed to increase circulation, the paper was renamed ''The Express'' in 1996 (with the ''Sunday Express'' becoming ''The Express on Sunday''). United was chaired by Lord Stevens of Ludgate from 1985 to 2000, during which the Express moved from loss to profit, despite rapidly falling sales. Express Newspapers was sold to publisher Richard Desmond in 2000, and names of the newspapers were reverted to ''Daily Express'' and ''Sunday Express''. In 2004, the newspaper moved to its present location on Lower Thames Street in the City of London.〔 On 31 October 2005 UK Media Group Entertainment Rights secured majority interest from the ''Daily Express'' on Rupert Bear. They paid £6 million for a 66.6% control of the character. The ''Express'' Newspaper retains minority interest of one-third plus the right to publish Rupert Bear stories in certain Express publications. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Daily Express」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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